How to Turn On Windshield Wipers: Your Essential Guide to Safe Driving in Rain and Snow
Turning on your windshield wipers is a fundamental driving skill that ensures clear visibility during precipitation. The basic process involves locating the wiper control stalk, usually on the right or left side of the steering column, and moving it to the desired setting. For most vehicles, you simply pull or push the stalk to activate the wipers and then rotate or toggle a ring on the same stalk to select the speed—such as intermittent, low, or high. However, with the variety of modern vehicles and control systems, understanding the specifics for your car, truck, or SUV is crucial for safe operation. This comprehensive guide will explain every method in detail, cover all wiper types and functions, and provide essential maintenance and safety advice to keep you seeing clearly on the road.
Understanding Your Windshield Wiper System
Before operating your wipers, it helps to know the basic components. The system consists of the wiper blades themselves, which are the rubber elements that contact the glass; the wiper arms that hold the blades; and a motor and linkage assembly hidden beneath the hood at the base of the windshield. The control you interact with from the driver’s seat sends signals to this motor. There are several common control types. The multi-function stalk is by far the most prevalent, integrated with the turn signal or headlight stalk. Some vehicles, particularly luxury models, use dashboard buttons or touchscreen menus. A third type is the rotary dial, often found on the dashboard or a stalk. Familiarizing yourself with your vehicle’s specific layout is the first step. Always consult your owner’s manual for the definitive guide to your car’s controls. This manual is the authoritative source for all vehicle functions.
Locating the Wiper Controls in Your Vehicle
The location of the wiper control is not universal, though it follows common patterns. In approximately 90% of left-hand drive vehicles, the wiper and washer control is on a stalk located on the right side of the steering column. This stalk is often the same one that operates the turn signals. In many European and some Asian models, the stalk on the right may combine front wiper functions, while the left stalk controls the headlights and rear wiper. Some manufacturers, like Mercedes-Benz, have traditionally placed the primary wiper control on a stalk on the left side of the column. In certain trucks and older models, you might find a panel of buttons or rotary dials on the dashboard itself. If you are driving a rental car or a new vehicle, take a moment before driving in bad weather to identify this control. Look for stalks behind the steering wheel with icons depicting wipers or mist. The most reliable action is to park safely and review the owner’s manual if you are unsure.
Basic Operation: Turning On the Wipers
For the standard multi-function stalk, operation is straightforward. The stalk typically moves in several directions. To activate the wipers, you will usually pull the stalk toward you or push it away from you. One of these directions will activate a single wipe or a wash/wipe cycle. To turn on the wipers for continuous operation, look for a rotating ring on the end of the stalk or a toggle on the side of the stalk. Rotating this ring cycles through the main settings. The standard sequence is: Off, Intermittent (often labeled as "INT" or with a droplet icon), Low Speed (depicted as one wiper arc), and High Speed (depicted as two wiper arcs). To begin wiping, simply rotate the control ring from 'Off' to the desired speed setting. You will hear the motor engage and see the wipers begin their sweep. The intermittent setting usually has an adjustable delay, which will be covered in the next section.
Using the Windshield Washer Function
The washer function is integral to cleaning the windshield. It is almost always combined with the wiper control. On a stalk, pulling the stalk toward you and holding it will typically spray washer fluid onto the windshield. The wipers will then activate for a few cycles to clear the fluid. Releasing the stalk stops the spray, but the wipers may complete their programmed cycles. It is important to use this function when the windshield is dirty, as using the wipers on a dry or gritty glass can scratch it and quickly degrade the rubber blades. Always use the washer fluid to lubricate the glass before activating the wipers for a dry cleanup. Ensure your washer fluid reservoir is regularly filled with a proper cleaning solution suitable for the season.
Adjusting Intermittent Wiper Speed
The intermittent setting is not a single speed; it is a variable pause between wipes. After selecting the "INT" or intermittent position on the control ring, you can adjust the delay. This is commonly done with a separate toggle or a smaller dial on the same stalk, often labeled with a plus (+) and minus (-) sign or icons showing varying numbers of dots or lines. Moving the toggle one way increases the frequency (shorter delay between wipes), and moving it the other way decreases the frequency (longer delay). This allows you to match the wiper action to the intensity of the rain, from a light mist to a steady sprinkle. Mastering this control helps reduce distraction and wear on the wiper motor and blades.
Operating Rear Window Wipers
In hatchbacks, SUVs, minivans, and station wagons, a rear wiper is a common feature. Its control is usually integrated into the same stalk as the front wipers. Look for a separate smaller ring or a twist section on the end of the stalk, often with icons depicting a rectangle with a wiper arc. Rotating this ring will control the rear wiper. Common positions are Off, On (continuous), and Intermittent. Some vehicles activate the rear wiper automatically when the front wipers are on and the vehicle is placed in reverse gear. The rear washer function is usually activated by pushing the stalk forward or twisting the ring past a detent. Remember that rear wipers are smaller and cover a limited area, so they are most effective for clearing spray in wet conditions rather than heavy snow accumulation.
Understanding and Using Automatic Wipers
Many modern vehicles are equipped with automatic or rain-sensing wipers. This system uses an optical sensor, typically located behind the windshield near the rearview mirror, to detect moisture on the glass. To use them, you must first activate the automatic mode. This is usually a dedicated setting on the main wiper control stalk, often labeled "AUTO." Once in auto mode, the wipers remain off until the sensor detects rain. They will then activate automatically at an appropriate speed and interval. Most systems allow you to adjust the sensitivity of the rain sensor. This is done via a dial or toggle, similar to adjusting the intermittent delay. A higher sensitivity setting will make the wipers start with less moisture detected, while a lower setting requires more moisture. It is critical to ensure the sensor area on the windshield is clean and unobstructed by stickers or heavy dirt for proper operation. Automatic wipers can be deactivated by simply turning the control to "Off."
Wiper Controls for Different Vehicle Types
While the principles are similar, controls can vary by vehicle type. In large trucks and commercial vehicles, controls may be more robust and simple, often with large dashboard-mounted rotary switches. In performance or sports cars, the stalk may be smaller, and functions might be accessed through steering wheel buttons. In many Tesla models and other vehicles with minimalist interiors, the wiper functions are primarily accessed through the central touchscreen. A common icon is a wiper symbol on the screen's menu bar; tapping it brings up controls for speed, auto mode, and washer fluid. Some models also allow activation via a button on the end of the turn signal stalk. In all cases, the fundamental goal is the same: select a wiper speed appropriate for conditions. If you rely on a touchscreen, familiarize yourself with the menu location before driving in rain, as taking your eyes off the road to navigate a screen is hazardous.
Dealing with Snow and Ice on Windshield Wipers
Operating wipers when snow or ice is present requires caution. If the windshield is covered in frozen precipitation, do not simply turn on the wipers. The ice can freeze the blades to the glass, and the wiper motor can burn out trying to move them, or the rubber can tear. Always clear as much snow and ice as possible from the windshield, wiper blades, and the wiper arm resting area before activating the wipers. Use a proper ice scraper and brush. If the blades are frozen to the glass, carefully lift the wiper arm away from the windshield (if your vehicle's design allows it) or pour de-icer or lukewarm (not hot) water on the blade to release it. Many vehicles have a "wiper service mode" or "park position" that moves the wipers to an upright position for easier cleaning; consult your manual on how to activate this. Never use the wipers to clear heavy, packed snow.
Maintaining Your Wiper Blades for Optimal Performance
Knowing how to turn on the wipers is only part of the equation; maintaining them ensures they work when you need them. Wiper blades are made of rubber that degrades over time due to sun exposure, ozone, and use. Symptoms of worn blades include streaking, chattering, skipping, or leaving large unwiped areas. Inspect your wiper blades at least every six months, and replace them at least once a year, or as soon as performance declines. Cleaning the blades regularly with a cloth dampened with windshield washer fluid can remove road grime and extend their life. Also, clean the windshield itself regularly, both inside and out, to prevent a film that can cause smearing. When replacing blades, you can choose traditional frame-style blades, beam blades (which are one solid piece), or hybrid styles. Ensure you purchase the correct size and attachment type for your vehicle.
Troubleshooting Common Wiper Problems
Sometimes, wipers may not work when you activate the control. A logical troubleshooting process can help. First, check the obvious: is the control in the "Off" position? Is the vehicle's ignition on? Most wipers will not operate unless the ignition is in the "On" or "Accessory" position. If the wipers do not move at all, listen for the sound of the wiper motor. If you hear a motor sound but the wipers do not move, the linkage may be disconnected or broken. If there is no sound, a fuse may be blown. Consult your vehicle's fuse diagram to locate and check the wiper fuse. If the wipers move slowly or stall, the motor may be failing or there could be excessive resistance from ice or debris. If the wipers work but smear, the blades are worn and need replacement. If the washer fluid does not spray, check the fluid level and the spray nozzles for clogs. For any electrical or motor issues, professional repair is recommended.
The Importance of Washer Fluid
Washer fluid is a critical partner to your wipers. It helps break down dirt, bug splatter, and road film. Using plain water is not recommended as it can freeze in winter, harbor bacteria, and not clean as effectively. Use a dedicated windshield washer fluid that is appropriate for the lowest temperatures you expect to encounter. In winter, a fluid with de-icer and antifreeze properties is essential. In summer, a fluid with better bug-removing additives is helpful. The reservoir is usually under the hood, with a cap marked with a windshield/water icon. To refill, open the cap and pour in fluid until full. Do not pour fluid into the coolant or brake fluid reservoirs. Regularly using the washer function helps keep the nozzles clear. If the spray pattern is misaligned, you can often adjust the nozzles with a thin pin or needle.
Advanced Wiper Features and Settings
Modern vehicles may include advanced wiper features. One common feature is the "mist" function. This is often activated by pushing the stalk upward briefly; it causes a single wipe without any washer fluid. It's useful for a quick clear of a few droplets. Some vehicles have a "rain-sensing" auto mode, as discussed, but with added intelligence. For example, the system may increase wipe speed as vehicle speed increases, as faster speeds bring more water onto the windshield. Another feature is the headlight wiper, found on some luxury and older European models. These are small wipers that clean the headlight lenses and are usually activated automatically with the headlights and front wipers. Some vehicles tie the automatic wipers to the automatic headlights, turning on lights when wipers are active—a law in some jurisdictions. Explore your vehicle's settings menu, as you may be able to customize some of these behaviors.
Safety Practices for Using Windshield Wipers
Proper wiper use is a key safety practice. Always turn on your wipers in any precipitation—rain, snow, sleet, or when other vehicles are spraying mist. Most states legally require you to turn on your headlights whenever your wipers are in continuous use. This makes your vehicle more visible to others. Match your wiper speed to the conditions. In a downpour, use the highest speed. In light rain, use intermittent to avoid unnecessary wear and distraction. Never use the wipers on a dry windshield, as this can scratch the glass and quickly ruin the blades. If you encounter sudden heavy rain or road spray, do not panic. Turn on your wipers to the appropriate speed, activate your headlights, and reduce your speed. If visibility becomes too poor to see the road edges, safely pull over and wait for conditions to improve.
When to Seek Professional Service
While basic operation and blade replacement are owner-level tasks, some repairs require a professional. If the wiper motor is faulty, the linkage is broken, or there is an electrical problem, a qualified automotive technician should address it. Signs of needed professional service include: wipers that only work on one speed, wipers that stop in the middle of the windshield, a blowing wiper fuse immediately after replacement, or a grinding or clicking noise from the motor area. Also, if the automatic rain-sensing system malfunctions, it may require sensor recalibration or replacement, which is best done by a dealer or specialist familiar with your vehicle's systems. Regular maintenance checks at a trusted service center can identify potential wiper system issues before they leave you with poor visibility in a storm.
Conclusion: Clear Vision for Safe Journeys
Operating your windshield wipers is a simple but vital skill. By understanding the control stalk in your vehicle, you can confidently select the right setting for any weather. Remember the core steps: locate the control, move it to activate, and choose the speed. Maintain your blades and fluid regularly, and replace blades at least annually. Use the washer to lubricate the windshield before wiping, and always clear ice and snow manually first. With this knowledge, you ensure that your view of the road remains clear, directly contributing to safer driving for you, your passengers, and others on the road. Keep your vehicle's owner's manual handy for model-specific details, and never hesitate to practice operating all controls in a safe, parked position before you need them in challenging conditions.